MongoDB is a document-oriented, NoSQL database that stores data in a JSON-like format, which is often referred to as BSON (Binary JSON). Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB does not use a fixed schema or table structure, but rather stores data in flexible and dynamic documents.

Here's how MongoDB works based on the following points:

Database :

In MongoDB, a database is a container for collections. It is where all the data is stored. You can think of a database as a namespace for collections. You can create as many databases as you need, and each database can have one or more collections.

Collections :

A collection in MongoDB is a group of related documents. It is similar to a table in a relational database, but without a fixed schema. You can add or remove fields to a collection at any time, without affecting other documents in the collection. A collection can have one or more indexes, which can be used to optimize query performance.

Documents :

A document in MongoDB is a JSON-like data structure that represents a single instance of data. It is similar to a row in a relational database, but with a more flexible and dynamic structure. A document can contain any number of fields, which can be of different data types, and can have nested structures.

Documents in a collection do not have to follow a fixed schema, allowing for more flexibility in data modeling. For example, one document in a collection could have additional fields compared to other documents. This schemaless approach is one of the key features of MongoDB.

To summarize, MongoDB stores data in a JSON-like format, with a flexible and dynamic structure, without a fixed schema. Data is organized into databases, which contain collections of related documents. This document-oriented approach offers greater flexibility and scalability than traditional relational databases, making it popular for web and mobile applications that require high performance and scalability.